You can calculate EBITDA in two main ways:
- By adding depreciation and amortisation expenses to your operating profit (EBIT).
- By adding interest, tax, depreciation, and amortisation expenses back to your net profit.
To effectively use EBITDA, it’s essential to understand the meaning of each component in the formula:
Earnings: This typically refers to your net profit as reported to HMRC. Net profit is the total revenue generated from sales, minus the total amount deducted as legitimate business costs.
Before: The ‘B’ in EBITDA stands for ‘before’. It implies that the following items, when considered in your net profit calculation, should positively alter your net profit and assets.
Interest: This is the interest charged on debt repayment and is added back to your earnings.
Taxes: EBITDA recalculates earnings by adding back taxes. Tax amounts can fluctuate between periods and are influenced by various factors that may not directly relate to your business’s operational performance.
Depreciation: This accounts for the decrease in value of tangible (physical) assets like machinery or vehicles over time. EBITDA includes this loss in value.
Amortisation: This pertains to the gradual expiration of intangible (non-physical) assets such as patents or copyrights. In EBITDA, amortisation is also added back.